John 13

John 13:1–20 (NASB95)

1 Now before the Feast of the Passover, Jesus knowing that His hour had come that He would depart out of this world to the Father, having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end. 2 During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to betray Him, 3 Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into His hands, and that He had come forth from God and was going back to God, 4 got up from supper, and laid aside His garments; and taking a towel, He girded Himself. 5 Then He poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which He was girded. 6 So He came to Simon Peter. He said to Him, “Lord, do You wash my feet?” 7 Jesus answered and said to him, “What I do you do not realize now, but you will understand hereafter.” 8 Peter said to Him, “Never shall You wash my feet!” Jesus answered him, “If I do not wash you, you have no part with Me.” 9 Simon Peter said to Him, “Lord, then wash not only my feet, but also my hands and my head.” 10 Jesus said to him, “He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean; and you are clean, but not all of you.” 11 For He knew the one who was betraying Him; for this reason He said, “Not all of you are clean.” 12 So when He had washed their feet, and taken His garments and reclined at the table again, He said to them, “Do you know what I have done to you? 13 “You call Me Teacher and Lord; and you are right, for so I am. 14 “If I then, the Lord and the Teacher, washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet. 15 “For I gave you an example that you also should do as I did to you. 16 “Truly, truly, I say to you, a slave is not greater than his master, nor is one who is sent greater than the one who sent him. 17 “If you know these things, you are blessed if you do them. 18 “I do not speak of all of you. I know the ones I have chosen; but it is that the Scripture may be fulfilled, ‘He who eats My bread has lifted up his heel against Me.’ 19 “From now on I am telling you before it comes to pass, so that when it does occur, you may believe that I am He. 20 “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who receives whomever I send receives Me; and he who receives Me receives Him who sent Me.”

約翰福音 13：1–20 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）)

1 逾越節以前，耶穌知道自己離世歸父的時候到了，他既然愛世間屬自己的人，就愛他們到底。2 吃晚飯的時候，魔鬼已將賣耶穌的意思放在西門的兒子加略人猶大心裡。3 耶穌知道父已將萬有交在他手裡，且知道自己是從神出來的，又要歸到神那裡去，4 就離席站起來脫了衣服，拿一條手巾束腰，5 隨後把水倒在盆裡，就洗門徒的腳，並用自己所束的手巾擦乾。6 挨到西門彼得，彼得對他說：“主啊，你洗我的腳嗎？”7 耶穌回答說：“我所做的，你如今不知道，後來必明白。”8 彼得說：“你永不可洗我的腳！”耶穌說：“我若不洗你，你就與我無分了。”9 西門彼得說：“主啊，不但我的腳，連手和頭也要洗！。”10 耶穌說：“凡洗過澡的人，只要把腳一洗，全身就乾淨了；你們是乾淨的，然而不都是乾淨的。”11 耶穌原知道要賣他的是誰，所以說：“你們不都是乾淨的。” 12 耶穌洗完了他們的腳，就穿上衣服，又坐下，對他們說：“我向你們所做的，你們明白嗎？13 你們稱呼我夫子，稱呼我主，你們說的不錯，我本來是。14 我是你們的主，你們的夫子，尚且洗你們的腳，你們也當彼此洗腳。15 我給你們作了榜樣，叫你們照著我向你們所做的去做。16 我實實在在地告訴你們：僕人不能大於主人，差人也不能大於差他的人。17 你們既知道這事，若是去行就有福了。18 我這話不是指著你們眾人說的，我知道我所揀選的是誰。現在要應驗經上的話，說：‘同我吃飯的人，用腳踢我。’19 如今事情還沒有成就，我要先告訴你們，叫你們到事情成就的時候，可以信我是基督。20 我實實在在地告訴你們：有人接待我所差遣的，就是接待我；接待我，就是接待那差遣我的。”

Title:  What It Takes to Serve 標題：事奉的基本要求

  1. How is the hour defined in this verse? How is it different from verse 12:23?  How is Jesus’ love for the disciples defined in this verse?  What does that mean? 這節經文中如何定義『時候』？ 它與 12:23 節有何不同？ 這節經文如何定義耶穌對門徒的愛？ 那是什麼意思？

 

  1. John 13:21-30 has details of what this verse describes. According to this verse, who instigated the betrayal of Jesus?  約翰福音 13:21-30 詳細描述了這節經文所說的內容。根據這節經文，誰教唆猶大背叛耶穌？

 

  1. How does “the knowing” in this verse continue the knowing of 13:1? 這節經文中的「知道」如何延續 13:1 的知道？

 

  1. This verse is the beginning of the washing of the disciples’ feet. There are several things that Jesus has to do to prepare to wash the feet. We’ll examine them together. What did Jesus get up from? What does that represent?  What did Jesus lay aside? What is the metaphor for doing this? What does taking a towel mean? What is the meaning of girding oneself (ref Ps 93:1)?  What does this verse have to do with our title of this study?  這節經文是洗門徒腳的開始。為了準備洗腳，耶穌必須做幾件事。我們將一起研究它們。耶穌從什麼站起來？ 這代表什麼？ 耶穌脫了什麼？這樣做的隱喻是什麼？拿毛巾是什麼意思？束腰是什麼意思（參考詩篇 93:1）？ 這節經文與我們這次查經的標題有什麼關係？

Psalm 93:1 (NASB95) The Lord reigns, He is clothed with majesty; The Lord has clothed and girded Himself with strength; Indeed, the world is firmly established, it will not be moved.

詩篇 93：1 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）) 1 耶和華作王， 他以威嚴為衣穿上。 耶和華以能力為衣，以能力束腰， 世界就堅定，不得動搖。

 

  1. Based on the passages listed below, describe the foot washing customs in Judea. How come no one washed the feet of Jesus and His disciples?  根據下面列出的經文，描述猶太的洗腳習俗。 為什麼沒有人為耶穌和祂的門徒洗腳？

1 Samuel 25:41 (NASB95) 41 She arose and bowed with her face to the ground and said, “Behold, your maidservant is a maid to wash the feet of my lord’s servants.”

Luke 7:40–50 (NASB95) 40 And Jesus answered him, “Simon, I have something to say to you.” And he replied, “Say it, Teacher.” 41 “A moneylender had two debtors: one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. 42 “When they were unable to repay, he graciously forgave them both. So which of them will love him more?” 43 Simon answered and said, “I suppose the one whom he forgave more.” And He said to him, “You have judged correctly.” 44 Turning toward the woman, He said to Simon, “Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave Me no water for My feet, but she has wet My feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair. 45 “You gave Me no kiss; but she, since the time I came in, has not ceased to kiss My feet. 46 “You did not anoint My head with oil, but she anointed My feet with perfume. 47 “For this reason I say to you, her sins, which are many, have been forgiven, for she loved much; but he who is forgiven little, loves little.” 48 Then He said to her, “Your sins have been forgiven.” 49 Those who were reclining at the table with Him began to say to themselves, “Who is this man who even forgives sins?” 50 And He said to the woman, “Your faith has saved you; go in peace.”

1 Timothy 5:10 (NASB95) 10 having a reputation for good works; and if she has brought up children, if she has shown hospitality to strangers, if she has washed the saints’ feet, if she has assisted those in distress, and if she has devoted herself to every good work.

撒母耳記上 25：41 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）) 41 亞比該就起來，俯伏在地說：“我情願作婢女，洗我主僕人的腳。”

路加福音 7：40–50 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）) 40 耶穌對他說：“西門，我有句話要對你說。”西門說：“夫子，請說。”41 耶穌說：“一個債主有兩個人欠他的債：一個欠五十兩銀子，一個欠五兩銀子，42 因為他們無力償還，債主就開恩免了他們兩個人的債。這兩個人哪一個更愛他呢？”43 西門回答說：“我想是那多得恩免的人。”耶穌說：“你斷的不錯。”44 於是轉過來向著那女人，便對西門說：“你看見這女人嗎？我進了你的家，你沒有給我水洗腳，但這女人用眼淚濕了我的腳，用頭髮擦乾；45 你沒有與我親嘴，但這女人從我進來的時候就不住地用嘴親我的腳；。46 你沒有用油抹我的頭，但這女人用香膏抹我的腳。47 所以我告訴你，她許多的罪都赦免了，因為她的愛多；但那赦免少的，他的愛就少。”48 於是對那女人說：“你的罪赦免了！”49 同席的人心裡說：“這是甚麼人，竟赦免人的罪呢？”50 耶穌對那女人說：“你的信救了你，平平安安地回去吧！”

提摩太前書 5：10 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）) 10 又有行善的名聲，就如養育兒女，接待遠人，洗聖徒的腳，救濟遭難的人，竭力行各樣善事。

 

6-8.        When would Peter realize the meaning of Jesus washing his feet?  Why did Peter feel strongly that Jesus should not wash his feet?  How do we prevent our leaders from washing our feet? Why does Jesus make the washing of feet equivalent to having a part with Him?  彼得到什麼時候才能夠明白耶穌洗他腳的意義呢？ 為什麼彼得強烈反對耶穌洗他的腳？ 我們又如何防止我們的領導人為我們洗腳？為什麼耶穌將洗腳視為與祂有份呢？

 

9-10.      What is Peter’s motivation to get his hands and head washed?  How do we interpret Jesus’ answer? 彼得洗手洗頭的動機是什麼？ 我們該如何解讀耶穌的回答？

 

  1. Who was not clean? 誰是不乾淨？

 

  1. What does taking His garments and reclining at the table symbolize? How does Jesus’ question, “ Do you know what I have done to you?” apply to you?  穿上衣服，又坐下象徵著什麼？ 耶穌問「你知道我對你做了什麼嗎？」如何適用於你？

 

13-14.   What roles did Jesus assume in this passage of vv. 1-20?  What is the command Jesus gave to the disciples?  The word ought is owed in Matt. 18:28; Luke 7:41; 16:5, 7; Phile. 1:18 and meant “metaphorically, to be bound or obligated to perform a duty.”[1] 耶穌在第1-20節的這段經文中扮演了什麼角色？ 耶穌給門徒的命令是什麼？ 「當」這個字出現在馬太福音中18:28；路 7:41； 16:5,7；腓利門書1:18。意思是欠或「比喻有義務或有義務履行某項職責」。

 

  1. Why is Jesus calling the foot washing an example? 為什麼耶穌會稱洗腳為榜樣？

 

  1. What do you think is the main point that Jesus made in this verse? How does it apply to you?  您認為耶穌在這節經文中提出的重點是什麼？ 它如何適用於你？

 

  1. There are two beatitudes in John, here and in 20:29. The two if in this verse is different.  The first if is hypothetical, a subjective possibility.  The second if implies the outcome depends on how the person makes his choice.   What is the things that we should know?  約翰福音中有兩個福，分別在這裡和 20:29 中。 這節經文中的兩個英文的「如果」是不同的。 第一個「如果」（既）是假設性的，是一種主觀的可能性。 第二個「如果」（若是）暗示結果取決於人們如何做出選擇。 我們知道什麼事？

 

  1. Jesus is quoting Ps 41:9 here. What does the phrase “lifted his heel” mean? How does the phrase “he who eats bread with me” color this situation?  耶穌在這裡引用了詩篇 41:9。 「用腳踢我」這句話是什麼意思？ 「同我吃飯的人」這句話如何給這情況不同的色彩？

 

  1. Why is Jesus foretelling the betrayal event (pay attention to the italic He)? 為什麼耶穌要預言背叛的事件（注意英文斜體的「他」，中文的基督不是完全準確）？

 

  1. Jesus extends the reception of him to the reception of His disciples. What does it mean that we have to do?  What mindset would help us get that done?  耶穌將對祂的接待延伸到對祂門徒的接待。 這意味著我們必須做什麼？ 什麼樣的心態可以幫助我們實現這個目標？

[1] Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 2000).

 

John 13:21–38 (NASB95)

21 When Jesus had said this, He became troubled in spirit, and testified and said, “Truly, truly, I say to you, that one of you will betray Me.” 22 The disciples began looking at one another, at a loss to know of which one He was speaking. 23 There was reclining on Jesus’ bosom one of His disciples, whom Jesus loved. 24 So Simon Peter gestured to him, and said to him, “Tell us who it is of whom He is speaking.” 25 He, leaning back thus on Jesus’ bosom, said to Him, “Lord, who is it?” 26 Jesus then answered, “That is the one for whom I shall dip the morsel and give it to him.” So when He had dipped the morsel, He took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot. 27 After the morsel, Satan then entered into him. Therefore Jesus said to him, “What you do, do quickly.” 28 Now no one of those reclining at the table knew for what purpose He had said this to him. 29 For some were supposing, because Judas had the money box, that Jesus was saying to him, “Buy the things we have need of for the feast”; or else, that he should give something to the poor. 30 So after receiving the morsel he went out immediately; and it was night. 31 Therefore when he had gone out, Jesus said, “Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in Him; 32 if God is glorified in Him, God will also glorify Him in Himself, and will glorify Him immediately. 33 “Little children, I am with you a little while longer. You will seek Me; and as I said to the Jews, now I also say to you, ‘Where I am going, you cannot come.’ 34 “A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, even as I have loved you, that you also love one another. 35 “By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.” 36 Simon Peter said to Him, “Lord, where are You going?” Jesus answered, “Where I go, you cannot follow Me now; but you will follow later.” 37 Peter said to Him, “Lord, why can I not follow You right now? I will lay down my life for You.” 38 Jesus answered, “Will you lay down your life for Me? Truly, truly, I say to you, a rooster will not crow until you deny Me three times.

約翰福音 13：21–38 (中文聖經和合本（神版．繁體）)

21 耶穌說了這話，心裡憂愁，就明說：“我實實在在地告訴你們：你們中間有一個人要賣我了。”22 門徒彼此對看，猜不透所說的是誰。23 有一個門徒，是耶穌所愛的，側身挨近耶穌的懷裡。24 西門彼得點頭對他說：“你告訴我們，主是指著誰說的。”25 那門徒便就勢靠著耶穌的胸膛，問他說：“主啊，是誰呢？”26 耶穌回答說：“我蘸一點餅給誰，就是誰。”耶穌就蘸了一點餅，遞給加略人西門的兒子猶大。27 他吃了以後，撒但就入了他的心。耶穌便對他說：“你所做的，快做吧！”28 同席的人，沒有一個知道是為甚麼對他說這話。29 有人因猶大帶著錢囊，以為耶穌是對他說：“你去買我們過節所應用的東西”，或是叫他拿甚麼賙濟窮人。30 猶大受了那點餅，立刻就出去。那時候是夜間了。 31 他既出去，耶穌就說：“如今人子得了榮耀，神在人子身上也得了榮耀。32 神要因自己榮耀人子，並且要快快地榮耀他。33 小子們，我還有不多的時候與你們同在，後來你們要找我，但我所去的地方你們不能到。這話我曾對猶太人說過，如今也照樣對你們說。34 我賜給你們一條新命令，乃是叫你們彼此相愛；我怎樣愛你們，你們也要怎樣相愛。35 你們若有彼此相愛的心，眾人因此就認出你們是我的門徒了。” 36 西門彼得問耶穌說：“主往哪裡去？”耶穌回答說：“我所去的地方，你現在不能跟我去，後來卻要跟我去。”37 彼得說：“主啊，我為甚麼現在不能跟你去？我願意為你捨命。”38 耶穌說：“你願意為我捨命嗎？我實實在在地告訴你：雞叫以先，你要三次不認我。

 

Title:  Jesus and His Disciples 標題：耶穌和他的門徒

  1. Based on the preceding two verses, what is the most likely root cause for Jesus’ becoming troubled in spirit? Who is Jesus testifying against?  根據前兩節經文，耶穌心裡憂愁最有可能的根本原因是什麼？耶穌在向誰作見證？

 

 

  1. Did any disciple suspect Judas of betraying Jesus? 有任何門徒懷疑猶大會背叛耶穌嗎？

 

 

  1. In John 13:23, “reclining on Jesus’ bosom” (a.t.), meaning next to Him on the couch at supper, so that his head was opposite to Jesus’ bosom.[1] 在約翰福音 13:23 中，「靠在耶穌的懷裡」（a.t.），意思是晚餐時靠在椅上，靠在耶穌旁邊，這樣他的頭就對著耶穌的懷抱。

 

  1. Why is Simon Peter asking John this question? 西門彼得為什麼問約翰這個問題？

 

 

  1. Did John know who the betrayer was? 約翰知道叛徒是誰嗎？

 

 

  1. What does the act of the host giving a morsel to the guest represent? The words took and gave (遞給) is from one Greek word, δίδωμι, which means to give with good will in one’s own accord.  What is the paradox in this verse? 主人給客人一小塊麵包的行為象徵著什麼？ 「遞給」這兩個字源自於希臘文δίδωμι，意思是自願地、善意地給予。這節經文中存在什麼悖論？

 

 

  1. How did Satan enter Judas? Did Jesus prompt Judas before or after Satan’s entering into Judas?  Why did Jesus prompt Judas to do it quickly?  撒旦是如何進入猶大的內心？耶穌是在撒旦進入猶大內心之前還是之後提示猶大？為什麼耶穌提示猶大要快做？

 

 

28-30.    Did the other disciples understand what Jesus said to Judas?  Would that include John? 其他門徒明白耶穌對猶大說的話嗎？約翰也明白嗎？

 

 

  1. How should the word “now” be understood in the backdrop of what just happened? Who is God glorified in?  Who glorifies the Son of Man?  在剛剛發生的事情的背景下，「如今」這個詞應該如何理解？神因誰而得榮耀？誰榮耀人子？

 

 

  1. When God is glorified in Him, what are two things God would do? How should we understand “in Himself”?   當神因自己得榮耀時，祂會做哪兩件事？我們該如何理解「因自己」？

 

 

  1. What chapter and verse did Jesus say that to the Jews? Why did Jesus repeat this to the disciples? 耶穌在哪一章哪一節對猶太人說了這句話？耶穌為什麼要向門徒重複這句話？

 

 

  1. How is this new commandment different from the two great commandments? To what degree do we love one another? 這條新誡命和兩條最大的誡命有什麼不同？我們彼此相愛到什麼程度？

 

 

  1. How do people know that we are Jesus’ disciples? 人們怎麼知道我們是耶穌的門徒？

 

 

  1. Where is Jesus going? 耶穌要去哪裡？

 

 

  1. What is Peter’s intent in following Jesus? 彼得跟隨耶穌的目的是什麼？

 

 

  1. Peter was prophesied to deny Jesus not once or twice but three times. Peter did it with the intent to save Jesus.  In the world of utilitarianism, can the end justify the means of denying Jesus?  What is Jesus’ emphasis here?  聖經預言彼得不認耶穌，不是一次兩次，而是三次。彼得這樣做是為了拯救耶穌。在功利主義的世界裡，為了達到目的，我們可以用不認耶穌的手段嗎？耶穌在這裡強調的是什麼？

 

[1] Zodhiates, S. (2000). In The complete word study dictionary: New Testament (electronic ed.). AMG Publishers.

Comments are closed.